Basic Information

Type: gene

Biological Identity

Species

pyrus_communis

Chromosome

Chr12

Orthogroup ID

OG0011385

Physical Location & Seq

Genomic Coordinates Forward (+)

940474 .. 943193

Gene Structure 2720 bp

Loading structure...

UTR

Exon/CDS

Intron

Transcript / Protein ID

N/A

Sequence Viewer

CDS Protein Promoter (2k)

Length: 1533 bp

ATGACAATGGCCGAAAGGAATGTTTCTTCCCTCGCTGTCATTGCTCGGAAATCTTTGTTCTTCTTATTTATAGTTACATCGACACTCTTCATATTTTCTTGGTTCTTTGTGTTGCGTTCGACGGGCATGCCTCGCTTCATTGACCATAAACTGTTACCCAATTCCAAACTTAATGCTGTGATTGGCAGCGGGAGTTCTGGAAGTGAGAATCAAAAGGATGTCGAACCCTCAATTGGGAATCGAGCAATCCTTGTGGATAATGAGGAAGAAGAAACGCCATCATCTTCGTCCCAAGAAAAAGAAGCGTCCAAAGCTAACAATGGAGTAAAATGTAACACCAACGAGAAGGTAGTTCTTCTCAAGGTGTTCATGTACGATTTACCCCCTGAATTTCATTTCGGACTCTTGAATTGGAAACCCGAAAGCAGTAGCGTTTGGCCAGATCTTCAAACTAAAATACCTGCTTATCCCGGCGCGTTGAATCTGCAACACAGTATAGAATACTGGCTGACATTGGATCTCCTTGCTTCGGAACTTCCCAACCCCCCAAATGCTCGTACTGCAATAAGAGTGCGCAATGCTAGCGAAGCTGACATTATTTTTATACCATTCTTTTCTTCCTTGAGCTATAACCGATTCTCCAAGATAAACCCGCACGAGAAGAAGAGCAAAAATAAGGTGCTGCAAGATAACTTGGTTAAGTATGTGACGGCTCAAAAGGAATGGAAAAGATCAGGGGGAAGAGACCACTTAATTGTGGCTCACCATCCGAATAGCCTTTTAGACGCGAGGATGAAGCTATGGCCTGCAACATTCATACTTTCGGACTTTGGGAGGTATCCTCCAAACTTAGCAAATGTGGAGAAAGATGTCATTGCCCCCTACAAGCATGTAATCAAATCCTATGTGAATGACTCCTCTACCTTCGATAGTCGGCCAACCTTGCTGTACTTCCAAGGTGCAATATATCGAAAAGATGGTGGCTTTGTTCGGCAAGAGTTATTCTATCTTCTACAAGGTGAAAAAGATGTACATTTTACATTTGGGAGTGTTAAAAAAGATGGAGTTAGCAAGGCTTCCCAGGGGATGCACACCTCCAAATTCTGCCTCAACATAGCCGGTGACAGCCCATCATCATATCGCCTCTTTGACGCTATTGCTAGCCACTGCGTCCCTGTCATCATCAGTGATGAGATCGAACTCCCATACGAGGACGTGCTTGACTACTCTGAGTTCTGCATATTTGTTCGAACAAGGGATGCTCTTAAGAAGAATTTTCTCGTAAACCTCACCAGGAACATTGGGAGGGACGAGTGGACGCGAATGTGGAAGAGGTTGCAGGAGGTTCAGAAATTTTATGAGTTTCAGTTCCCGTCAAAGGAGGGCGATGCTGTCCAGATGATATGGCAAGCAGTTGCTCGCAGGGTTCCGGCTATAAGAATGAAGTTACACAAGTCTAGACGATTCTCCCATTCAATTTCTCGTGAGGGGAAGGGGGTAAGCAGGATACCGTCACCAAGTAACTTCTGGTAA

Functional Annotation

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function
Biological Process
Cellular Component

GO:0000139 GO:0000271 GO:0003674 GO:0003824 GO:0005575 GO:0005622 GO:0005623 GO:0005737 GO:0005768 GO:0005794 GO:0005802 GO:0005975 GO:0005976 GO:0008150 GO:0008152 GO:0008194 GO:0009058 GO:0009059 GO:0009987 GO:0010393 GO:0010398 GO:0012505 GO:0016020 GO:0016051 GO:0016740 GO:0016757 GO:0016763 GO:0017144 GO:0031090 GO:0031410 GO:0031982 GO:0031984 GO:0035252 GO:0042285 GO:0043170 GO:0043226 GO:0043227 GO:0043229 GO:0043231 GO:0044237 GO:0044238 GO:0044422 GO:0044424 GO:0044431 GO:0044444 GO:0044446 GO:0044464 GO:0045488 GO:0045489 GO:0071704 GO:0097708 GO:0098588 GO:0098791 GO:1901576

KEGG Pathways

Metabolic & Signaling

No pathways identified.

Pfam Domains

Protein Families

Exostosin

Protein Analysis

511

Amino Acids

58.28

Weight (kDa)

9.33

Isoelectric Point (pI)

47.58

Instability Index

Protein Domains (Pfam)

Domain Name	Pfam ID	Position	E-value	Description
Exostosin_GT47	PF03016	120 - 428	3.2e-61	Exostosin GT47 domain

Hydrophobicity Profile (Kyte-Doolittle)

AI Structure Prediction Report

Calculating structure properties...

Genomic Context

Gene Family Tree

Species Filter

Style Settings

Font Size (px)

Line Width

Align Labels (Cladogram)

Image

Tree File

Tip: Beautify your tree with professional tools

Download the Full Tree (.nwk) file, then upload it to any of the following tools to customize colors, fonts, annotations, clades, and branch support.

Publication-ready

iTOL Interactive Tree Of Life · Most popular EvolView Flexible annotations MEGA Desktop phylogenetics suite FigTree Desktop tree editor

Orthologous Genes (Group: OG0011385)

Species	Orthologous Gene IDs
arabidopsis_thaliana	AT3G45400
fragaria_vesca	FvH4_4g14300 FvH4_4g14300
malus_domestica	MD12G1013400.v1.1 MD14G1010900.v1.1
prunus_persica	Prupe.7G017800_v2.0.a1 Prupe.7G017800_v2.0.a1
pyrus_communis	pycom12g01070 pycom14g00930 pycom14g00960
rosa_chinensis	RchiOBHm_Chr3g0495831
rosa_laevigata	RLG00000022585
rosa_multiflora	Rmu_ssc0000254.1_g000003
rosa_roxburghii	Rroxscaffold_6G00389980
rosa_rugosa	Rorug03G0276800
rosa_samantha	Rh3AG324100 Rh3BG360100 Rh3CG356500 Rh3DG359500
rosa_wichuraiana	Rw3G028340

Restriction Enzyme Sites

1 / 10

Enzyme	Recognition Site	Cut Count	Positions (bp)
Acc16I	TGCGCA	1 cut(s)	575
Acc36I	ACCTGC	1 cut(s)	469
AccII	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
AciI	CCGC	2 cut(s)	189, 653
AclWI	GGATC	1 cut(s)	525
AcoI	YGGCCR	3 cut(s)	9, 437, 935
AcsI	RAATTY	4 cut(s)	389, 1100, 1273, 1352
AfaI	GTAC	4 cut(s)	374, 559, 950, 1032
AfiI	CCNNNNNNNGG	5 cut(s)	233, 234, 529, 1210, 1378
AflII	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
AgsI	TTSAA	4 cut(s)	409, 449, 481, 1476
AjiI	CACGTC	1 cut(s)	1216
AjnI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1080, 1292
AjuI	GAANNNNNNNTTGG	2 cut(s)	216, 248
AluBI	AGCT	4 cut(s)	314, 590, 627, 799
AluI	AGCT	4 cut(s)	314, 590, 627, 799
Alw26I	GTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
AlwI	GGATC	1 cut(s)	525
AoxI	GGCC	4 cut(s)	9, 437, 803, 935
ApeKI	GCWGC	2 cut(s)	186, 682
ApoI	RAATTY	4 cut(s)	389, 1100, 1273, 1352
AspLEI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	476, 576
AsuC2I	CCSGG	1 cut(s)	471
AsuHPI	GGTGA	5 cut(s)	755, 1031, 1133, 1282, 1506
AsuII	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
AsuNHI	GCTAGC	2 cut(s)	581, 1160
BalI	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
BauI	CACGAG	2 cut(s)	656, 1482
BbvI	GCAGC	2 cut(s)	198, 669
BccI	CCATC	5 cut(s)	286, 774, 971, 1055, 1138
BceAI	ACGGC	1 cut(s)	726
BcgI	CGANNNNNNTGC	2 cut(s)	109, 143
BciT130I	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1082, 1294
BciVI	GTATCC	2 cut(s)	849, 1500
BcnI	CCSGG	1 cut(s)	471
BcoDI	GTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
BfaI	CTAG	3 cut(s)	582, 1161, 1458
BfrI	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
BfuAI	ACCTGC	1 cut(s)	469
BfuI	GTATCC	2 cut(s)	849, 1500
BglII	AGATCT	1 cut(s)	442
BisI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	187, 683
BlsI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	188, 684
Bme1390I	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1082, 1294
BmgBI	CACGTC	1 cut(s)	1216
BmiI	GGNNCC	1 cut(s)	1428
BmrFI	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1082, 1294
BmsI	GCATC	3 cut(s)	1077, 1249, 1378
BmtI	GCTAGC	2 cut(s)	585, 1164
BplI	GAGNNNNNCTC	2 cut(s)	826, 858
Bpu14I	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
BpuEI	CTTGAG	2 cut(s)	344, 643
BpuMI	CCSGG	1 cut(s)	471
BsaI	GGTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
BsaJI	CCNNGG	3 cut(s)	955, 1080, 1081
BsaXI	ACNNNNNCTCC	2 cut(s)	623, 653
Bsc4I	CCNNNNNNNGG	5 cut(s)	233, 234, 529, 1210, 1378
Bse118I	RCCGGY	1 cut(s)	1118
Bse1I	ACTGG	1 cut(s)	509
Bse3DI	GCAATG	3 cut(s)	39, 583, 873
BseBI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1082, 1294
BseDI	CCNNGG	3 cut(s)	955, 1080, 1081
BseGI	GGATG	5 cut(s)	223, 766, 798, 1092, 1264
BseLI	CCNNNNNNNGG	5 cut(s)	233, 234, 529, 1210, 1378
BseMI	GCAATG	3 cut(s)	39, 583, 873
BseMII	CTCAG	1 cut(s)	1221
BseNI	ACTGG	1 cut(s)	509
BseRI	GAGGAG	1 cut(s)	907
BseXI	GCAGC	2 cut(s)	198, 669
Bsh1236I	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
BshFI	GGCC	4 cut(s)	11, 439, 805, 937
BsiSI	CCGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1119, 1430
BslFI	GGGAC	3 cut(s)	274, 1157, 1322
BslI	CCNNNNNNNGG	5 cut(s)	233, 234, 529, 1210, 1378
BsmAI	GTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
BsmFI	GGGAC	3 cut(s)	274, 1157, 1322
BsnI	GGCC	4 cut(s)	11, 439, 805, 937
Bso31I	GGTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
Bsp119I	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
Bsp1407I	TGTACA	1 cut(s)	1030
Bsp143I	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
BspACI	CCGC	2 cut(s)	189, 653
BspANI	GGCC	4 cut(s)	11, 439, 805, 937
BspCNI	CTCAG	1 cut(s)	1222
BspFNI	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
BspLI	GGNNCC	1 cut(s)	1428
BspMI	ACCTGC	1 cut(s)	469
BspOI	GCTAGC	2 cut(s)	585, 1164
BspPI	GGATC	1 cut(s)	525
BspQI	GCTCTTC	1 cut(s)	659
BspT104I	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
BspTI	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
BspTNI	GGTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
BsrDI	GCAATG	3 cut(s)	39, 583, 873
BsrFI	RCCGGY	1 cut(s)	1118
BsrGI	TGTACA	1 cut(s)	1030
BsrI	ACTGG	1 cut(s)	509
BssAI	RCCGGY	1 cut(s)	1118
BssECI	CCNNGG	3 cut(s)	955, 1080, 1081
BssMI	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
BssSI	CACGAG	2 cut(s)	656, 1482
BssT1I	CCWWGG	1 cut(s)	955
Bst2BI	CACGAG	2 cut(s)	656, 1482
Bst2UI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1082, 1294
Bst4CI	ACNGT	3 cut(s)	153, 494, 1512
Bst6I	CTCTTC	4 cut(s)	92, 659, 736, 1325
BstAFI	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
BstAUI	TGTACA	1 cut(s)	1030
BstBI	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
BstC8I	GCNNGC	6 cut(s)	128, 583, 807, 1162, 1410, 1420
BstDEI	CTNAG	2 cut(s)	850, 1230
BstF5I	GGATG	5 cut(s)	223, 766, 798, 1092, 1264
BstFNI	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
BstHHI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	476, 576
BstKTI	GATC	4 cut(s)	445, 520, 734, 1197
BstMAI	GTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
BstMBI	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
BstMWI	GCNNNNNNNGC	7 cut(s)	41, 132, 311, 560, 582, 587, 943
BstNI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1082, 1294
BstNSI	RCATGY	2 cut(s)	130, 893
BstSCI	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	469, 1080, 1292
BstUI	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
BstV1I	GCAGC	2 cut(s)	198, 669
BstX2I	RGATCY	2 cut(s)	442, 517
BstYI	RGATCY	2 cut(s)	442, 517
BsuI	GTATCC	2 cut(s)	849, 1500
BsuRI	GGCC	4 cut(s)	11, 439, 805, 937
BtgZI	GCGATG	1 cut(s)	1401
BtrI	CACGTC	1 cut(s)	1216
BtsCI	GGATG	5 cut(s)	223, 766, 798, 1092, 1264
BtsI	GCAGTG	1 cut(s)	1165
BtsIMutI	CAGTG	2 cut(s)	1165, 1192
BveI	ACCTGC	1 cut(s)	469
Cac8I	GCNNGC	6 cut(s)	128, 583, 807, 1162, 1410, 1420
CfoI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	476, 576
Cfr10I	RCCGGY	1 cut(s)	1118
CseI	GACGC	5 cut(s)	294, 794, 1159, 1160, 1327
Csp6I	GTAC	4 cut(s)	373, 558, 949, 1031
CspCI	CAANNNNNGTGG	2 cut(s)	234, 269
CviAII	CATG	3 cut(s)	127, 370, 890
CviQI	GTAC	4 cut(s)	373, 558, 949, 1031
DdeI	CTNAG	2 cut(s)	850, 1230
DpnI	GATC	4 cut(s)	444, 519, 733, 1196
DpnII	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
EaeI	YGGCCR	3 cut(s)	9, 437, 935
Eam1104I	CTCTTC	4 cut(s)	92, 659, 736, 1325
EarI	CTCTTC	4 cut(s)	92, 659, 736, 1325
Eco130I	CCWWGG	1 cut(s)	955
Eco31I	GGTCTC	1 cut(s)	738
EcoRII	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1080, 1292
EcoT14I	CCWWGG	1 cut(s)	955
ErhI	CCWWGG	1 cut(s)	955
FaeI	CATG	3 cut(s)	130, 373, 893
FaqI	GGGAC	3 cut(s)	274, 1157, 1322
FatI	CATG	3 cut(s)	126, 369, 889
FauI	CCCGC	2 cut(s)	182, 660
Fnu4HI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	187, 683
FokI	GGATG	5 cut(s)	230, 753, 805, 1099, 1271
Fsp4HI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	187, 683
FspBI	CTAG	3 cut(s)	582, 1161, 1458
FspI	TGCGCA	1 cut(s)	575
GlaI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	475, 575
GluI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	187, 683
HaeIII	GGCC	4 cut(s)	11, 439, 805, 937
HapII	CCGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1119, 1430
HgaI	GACGC	5 cut(s)	294, 794, 1159, 1160, 1327
HhaI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	476, 576
Hin1II	CATG	3 cut(s)	130, 373, 893
Hin6I	GCGC	2 cut(s)	474, 574
HinP1I	GCGC	2 cut(s)	474, 574
HinfI	GANTC	7 cut(s)	208, 238, 402, 481, 636, 914, 1464
HpaII	CCGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1119, 1430
HphI	GGTGA	5 cut(s)	755, 1031, 1133, 1282, 1506
Hpy166II	GTNNAC	2 cut(s)	1285, 1317
Hpy188I	TCNGA	7 cut(s)	48, 401, 532, 771, 826, 1231, 1350
Hpy188III	TCNNGA	5 cut(s)	198, 406, 1396, 1458, 1484
Hpy8I	GTNNAC	2 cut(s)	1285, 1317
Hpy99I	CGWCG	1 cut(s)	124
HpyAV	CCTTC	3 cut(s)	340, 934, 1486
HpyCH4III	ACNGT	3 cut(s)	153, 494, 1512
HpyCH4IV	ACGT	1 cut(s)	1215
HpyCH4V	TGCA	8 cut(s)	487, 563, 685, 809, 962, 1090, 1239, 1339
HpyF10VI	GCNNNNNNNGC	7 cut(s)	41, 132, 311, 560, 582, 587, 943
HpyF3I	CTNAG	2 cut(s)	850, 1230
HpySE526I	ACGT	1 cut(s)	1215
Hsp92II	CATG	3 cut(s)	130, 373, 893
HspAI	GCGC	2 cut(s)	474, 574
Kzo9I	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
LguI	GCTCTTC	1 cut(s)	659
Lsp1109I	GCAGC	2 cut(s)	198, 669
LweI	GCATC	3 cut(s)	1077, 1249, 1378
MaeI	CTAG	3 cut(s)	582, 1161, 1458
MaeII	ACGT	1 cut(s)	1215
MaeIII	GTNAC	8 cut(s)	73, 153, 332, 706, 1121, 1446, 1512, 1520
MalI	GATC	4 cut(s)	444, 519, 733, 1196
MboI	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
MfeI	CAATTG	1 cut(s)	231
MflI	RGATCY	2 cut(s)	442, 517
MlsI	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
MluCI	AATT	9 cut(s)	160, 231, 389, 409, 753, 1100, 1273, 1352, 1476
MluNI	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
MlyI	GAGTC	2 cut(s)	396, 908
Mox20I	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
MscI	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
MseI	TTAA	5 cut(s)	171, 699, 752, 1053, 1266
Msp20I	TGGCCA	1 cut(s)	439
MspA1I	CMGCKG	1 cut(s)	189
MspCI	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
MspI	CCGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1119, 1430
MspR9I	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1082, 1294
MunI	CAATTG	1 cut(s)	231
MvaI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1082, 1294
MvnI	CGCG	3 cut(s)	476, 788, 1321
MwoI	GCNNNNNNNGC	7 cut(s)	41, 132, 311, 560, 582, 587, 943
NciI	CCSGG	1 cut(s)	471
NdeII	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
NheI	GCTAGC	2 cut(s)	581, 1160
NlaIII	CATG	3 cut(s)	130, 373, 893
NlaIV	GGNNCC	1 cut(s)	1428
NmuCI	GTSAC	3 cut(s)	706, 1121, 1512
NsbI	TGCGCA	1 cut(s)	575
NspI	RCATGY	2 cut(s)	130, 893
NspV	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
PaeI	GCATGC	1 cut(s)	130
PasI	CCCWGGG	1 cut(s)	1081
PciSI	GCTCTTC	1 cut(s)	659
PfeI	GAWTC	5 cut(s)	208, 238, 481, 636, 1464
PkrI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	188, 684
PleI	GAGTC	2 cut(s)	396, 908
PpsI	GAGTC	2 cut(s)	396, 908
Psp6I	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1080, 1292
PspGI	CCWGG	2 cut(s)	1080, 1292
PspN4I	GGNNCC	1 cut(s)	1428
PsuI	RGATCY	2 cut(s)	442, 517
RsaI	GTAC	4 cut(s)	374, 559, 950, 1032
RsaNI	GTAC	4 cut(s)	373, 558, 949, 1031
SapI	GCTCTTC	1 cut(s)	659
SaqAI	TTAA	5 cut(s)	171, 699, 752, 1053, 1266
SatI	GCNGC	2 cut(s)	187, 683
Sau3AI	GATC	4 cut(s)	442, 517, 731, 1194
SchI	GAGTC	2 cut(s)	396, 908
ScrFI	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	471, 1082, 1294
SfaNI	GCATC	3 cut(s)	1077, 1249, 1378
SfuI	TTCGAA	1 cut(s)	1249
SmlI	CTYRAG	3 cut(s)	359, 622, 1265
SmoI	CTYRAG	3 cut(s)	359, 622, 1265
SphI	GCATGC	1 cut(s)	130
Sse9I	AATT	9 cut(s)	160, 231, 389, 409, 753, 1100, 1273, 1352, 1476
SsiI	CCGC	2 cut(s)	189, 653
SspMI	CTAG	3 cut(s)	582, 1161, 1458
StyD4I	CCNGG	3 cut(s)	469, 1080, 1292
StyI	CCWWGG	1 cut(s)	955
TaaI	ACNGT	3 cut(s)	153, 494, 1512
TaiI	ACGT	1 cut(s)	1218
TaqI	TCGA	8 cut(s)	80, 119, 222, 241, 927, 970, 1197, 1249
TasI	AATT	9 cut(s)	160, 231, 389, 409, 753, 1100, 1273, 1352, 1476
TatI	WGTACW	2 cut(s)	948, 1030
TfiI	GAWTC	5 cut(s)	208, 238, 481, 636, 1464
Tru1I	TTAA	5 cut(s)	171, 699, 752, 1053, 1266
Tru9I	TTAA	5 cut(s)	171, 699, 752, 1053, 1266
TscAI	CASTG	2 cut(s)	1172, 1192
TseFI	GTSAC	3 cut(s)	706, 1121, 1512
TseI	GCWGC	2 cut(s)	186, 682
Tsp45I	GTSAC	3 cut(s)	706, 1121, 1512
TspDTI	ATGAA	7 cut(s)	79, 127, 358, 383, 805, 809, 1457
TspRI	CASTG	2 cut(s)	1172, 1192
Vha464I	CTTAAG	1 cut(s)	1265
XapI	RAATTY	4 cut(s)	389, 1100, 1273, 1352
XbaI	TCTAGA	1 cut(s)	1457
XceI	RCATGY	2 cut(s)	130, 893
XcmI	CCANNNNNNNNNTGG	1 cut(s)	1524
XspI	CTAG	3 cut(s)	582, 1161, 1458

Using CommOnly database (standard laboratory enzymes). Scanned on CDS sequence.